MacCracken, M., Escobar Briones, E., Gilbert, D., Korotaev, K., Naqvi, S. W. A., Perillo, G. M. E., Rixen, Tim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8376-891X, Stanev, E., Sundby, B., Thomas, H., Unger, D. and Urban Jr., E. R. (2008) Vulnerability of Semi-Enclosed Marine Systems to Environmental Disturbances. In: Watersheds, Bays and Bounded Seas - The Science and Management of Semi-enclosed Marine Systems. , ed. by Melillo, J., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Sundby, B. and Urban Jr., E. R.. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 8-23. ISBN 978-1-59726-503-4

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Abstract

Semi-enclosed marine systems (SEMSs) are impacted on time scales ranging from the very short (days or less) to the very long (decades and beyond) by many of the same forces and stresses as other components of the Earth system. Like the open ocean, SEMSs are linked to large-scale anthropogenic disturbances through climate change, acidification from increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02), and atmospheric deposition of contaminants.

Document Type:	Book chapter
Programme Area:	UNSPECIFIED
Research affiliation:	Biogeochemistry and Geology Biogeochemistry and Geology > Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
Date Deposited:	04 Mar 2020 15:54
Last Modified:	13 May 2026 17:10
URI:	https://cris.leibniz-zmt.de/id/eprint/3569

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