Aheto, Denis Worlanyo, Reuter, Hauke ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-9244 and Breckling, Broder (2011) A modeling assessment of geneflow in smallholder agriculture in West Africa. Environmental Sciences Europe, 23 (1). DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-23-9.

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Abstract

Purpose
Small-scale agriculture is an important issue for food security in Africa. In the context of Genetically Modified Organisms, approaches to quantify geneflow in small-scale systems are widely unexplored. We aimed at bridging this gap by contributing to the scientific discussion on the uncertainties of the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops in the region. The safety issue is: Would it be possible to withdraw a variety in case that unexpected and undesirable effects occur? e.g. the resistance of pests which make the variety no more useful.

Methods
We used a GIS approach to determine the location of maize cultivation sites, field geometries and applied a model for the calculation of geneflow scenarios.

Results
The data revealed that the given cropping density provides optimal conditions for transgene spread, potentially limiting the possibility for coexistence between GM and non-GM fields. On average, we found about 60 fields within a nearest distance of 100 m, and cropping density of 56 fields per square kilometer. The resulting cross-pollination rate from the single GM field into the neighbouring conventional fields was estimated to be about 0.12%.

Conclusions
GM varieties if introduced could remain in cultivation even if their admission has expired or has been retracted. This would be undesirable and could cause long-term, undesirable stacked combination of transgenes which cannot be tested with respect to eventual combinatory effects. These developments pose major challenges for fielder livelihoods, and conservation of maize genetic resources with potentially negative consequences for the African food export sector.

Document Type:	Article
Programme Area:	UNSPECIFIED
Research affiliation:	Integrated Modelling > Spatial Ecology and Interactions
Refereed:	Yes
Open Access Journal?:	No
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-23-9
ISSN:	2190-4715
Date Deposited:	02 Sep 2019 15:32
Last Modified:	01 Oct 2020 13:00
URI:	http://cris.leibniz-zmt.de/id/eprint/2846

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