Rix, Laura, de Goeij, Jasper M., Mueller, Christina E., Struck, Ulrich, Middelburg, Jack J., van Duyl, Fleur C., Al-Horani, Fuad A., Wild, Christian, Naumann, Malik S and van Oevelen, Dick (2016) Coral mucus fuels the sponge loop in warm- and cold-water coral reef ecosystems. Scientific Reports, 6 (1). p. 18715. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18715.

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Abstract

Shallow warm-water and deep-sea cold-water corals engineer the coral reef framework and fertilize reef communities by releasing coral mucus, a source of reef dissolved organic matter (DOM). By transforming DOM into particulate detritus, sponges play a key role in transferring the energy and nutrients in DOM to higher trophic levels on Caribbean reefs via the so-called sponge loop. Coral mucus may be a major DOM source for the sponge loop, but mucus uptake by sponges has not been demonstrated. Here we used laboratory stable isotope tracer experiments to show the transfer of coral mucus into the bulk tissue and phospholipid fatty acids of the warm-water sponge Mycale fistulifera and cold-water sponge Hymedesmia coriacea, demonstrating a direct trophic link between corals and reef sponges. Furthermore, 21–40% of the mucus carbon and 32–39% of the nitrogen assimilated by the sponges was subsequently released as detritus, confirming a sponge loop on Red Sea warm-water and north Atlantic cold-water coral reefs. The presence of a sponge loop in two vastly different reef environments suggests it is a ubiquitous feature of reef ecosystems contributing to the high biogeochemical cycling that may enable coral reefs to thrive in nutrient-limited (warm-water) and energy-limited (cold-water) environments.

Document Type:	Article
Programme Area:	UNSPECIFIED
Research affiliation:	Ecology
Refereed:	Yes
Open Access Journal?:	Yes
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18715
ISSN:	2045-2322
Date Deposited:	17 Jul 2019 09:55
Last Modified:	26 Mar 2024 13:29
URI:	http://cris.leibniz-zmt.de/id/eprint/2328

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